2023-02-27 08:50:52
ScienceDirect
Degradation products
Oxidation
Pharmaceutical
Residential care home
Wastewater
Occurrence and fate of an emerging drug pollutant and its by-products during conventional and advanced wastewater treatment: Case study of furosemide
Conventional wastewater treatment systems are not designed to remove pharmaceutical compounds from wastewater. These compounds can be degraded into many other transformation products which are hardly, if at all, studied. In this context, we studied the occurrence and degradation of furosemide, a very frequently detected diuretic, along with its known degradation products in several types of wastewater. Influent and effluent from the Seine-Centre Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) (Paris, France) as well as outlet of residential care homes (Dordogne, France) were analyzed by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) to quantify furosemide and its known degradation products, saluamine and pyridinium of furosemide. Oxidation experiments (chlorination, ozonation and UV photolysis with hydrogen peroxide) were then performed on furosemide solutions and on water from residential care facilities to study the degradation of furosemide by potential advanced processes, and also to identify unknown oxidation products by high-resolution mass spectrometry. Furosemide was well degraded in Seine-Centre WWTP (>75%) but did not increase the concentrations of its main degradation products. Saluamine and pyridinium of furosemide were already present at similar concentrations to furosemide in the raw wastewater (∼2.5–3.5 μg.L−1), and their removal in the WWTPs were very high (>80%). Despite their removal, the three compounds remained present in treated wastewater effluents at concentrations of hundreds of nanograms per liter. Chlorination degraded furosemide without pyridinium production unlike the other two processes. Chlorination and ozonation were also effective for the removal of furosemide and pyridinium in residential care home water, but they resulted in the production of saluamine. To our knowledge this is the first evidence of saluamine and pyridinium of furosemide in real water samples in either the particulate or dissolved phase.
138212
en
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138212
Occurrence and fate of an emerging drug pollutant and its by-products during conventional and advanced wastewater treatment
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045653523004794
322
2023-05-01
Chemosphere
Chemosphere
0045-6535
FidjiSandre
NinaHuynh
EmilieCaupos
Lamyae
El-Mrabet
Chandirane
Partibane
Isabelle
Lachaise
Christophe
Pommier
MichaelRivard
Christophe
Morin
Régis
Moilleron
JulienLe Roux
Laure
Garrigue-Antar